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MedicineCardiology

Cardiac causes of breathlessness

THE CONTEXT
Breathlessness has a wide differential diagnosis that includes both cardiac and non-cardiac causes.

Cardiac differential diagnosis

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Cardiac causes include arrhythmias, acute and chronic heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis.
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The differential diagnosis also includes many non-cardiac causes.
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