Study note
MedicineCardiology

Medical therapy for mitral regurgitation and age-related causes of aortic stenosis

THE CONTEXT
The target passage outlines medical treatment for mitral regurgitation and then groups causes of aortic stenosis by patient age.

Medical management of mitral regurgitation

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Medical treatment includes diuretics and, when hypertension is present, vasodilators.
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Digoxin is used when atrial fibrillation is present. Anticoagulant use in atrial fibrillation depends on the CHA₂DS₂-VA score.

Causes of aortic stenosis by age

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In infants, children and adolescents, causes include congenital aortic, subvalvular and supravalvular stenosis.
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In young to middle-aged adults, causes include calcification and fibrosis of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic aortic stenosis.
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In middle-aged to older adults, causes include senile degenerative aortic stenosis, calcification of a bicuspid valve and rheumatic aortic stenosis.
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