Head-to-chest circumference difference and ponderal index provide clues to neonatal growth; an enlarged head is termed macrocephaly.
Indicators of growth retardation
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The head circumference minus chest circumference difference is usually less than 3 cm. A difference greater than 3 cm may indicate intrauterine growth retardation in a term baby.
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Ponderal index is usually below 2 in IUGR neonates and 2 or more in AGA neonates.
Macrocephaly
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Macrocephaly means a large head.
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Causes include hydrocephalus, meaning enlarged ventricles, and overgrowth of bone or brain tissues.