The passage explains the mechanisms and consequences of polycythemia and the factors contributing to anemia in premature infants.
Polycythemia
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Placental insufficiency stimulates erythropoiesis and can produce polycythemia, especially in IUGR neonates.
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Polycythemia is defined as hematocrit greater than 65%. It produces hyperviscosity and decreased organ perfusion.
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Manifestations include jitteriness, respiratory distress, cardiac failure, feeding intolerance, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia.
Anemia of prematurity
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Accelerated destruction of fetal red blood cells, a low reticulocyte count, and an inadequate bone marrow response to erythropoietin cause anemia of prematurity.
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Frequent blood sampling can predispose LBW infants to severe anemia.