Study note
PediatricsNewborn Care

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

THE CONTEXT
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)* is a benign, self-limiting condition usually occurring in term neonates.

Mechanism and risk factors

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Delayed lung fluid clearance impairs gas exchange and causes hypoxia at birth.
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Major risk factors include elective cesarean section before 39 weeks of gestation and prematurity.

Presentation and diagnosis

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Tachypnea is often silent, with little respiratory distress.
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TTN is a diagnosis of exclusion after serious disorders such as respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia have been ruled out.
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Chest X-ray may show high-volume lung fields, prominent vascular markings, and a prominent interlobar fissure.

Treatment and prognosis

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Supportive treatment with oxygen is often adequate, although some neonates need CPAP therapy.
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The prognosis is excellent.
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