Physiology

1. Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment”

2. The Cell and Its Functions

3. Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction

4. Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes

5. Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials

6. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle

7. Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation--Contraction Coupling

8. Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle

9. Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves

10. Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart

11. Fundamentals of Electrocardiography

12. Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis

13. Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation

14. Overview of the Circulation: Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

15. Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems

16. The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow

17. Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow

18. Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure

19. Role of the Kidneys in Long--Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The -Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

20. Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

21. Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output -During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease

22. Cardiac Failure

23. Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects

24. Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment

25. Regulation of Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

26. The Urinary System: Functional Anatomy and Urine Formation by the Kidneys

27. Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control

28. Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

29. Urine Concentration and Dilution; Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration

30. Renal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume

31. Acid–Base Regulation

32. Diuretics and Kidney Diseases

33. Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia

34. Resistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte--Macrophage System, and Inflammation

35. Resistance of the Body to Infection: II. Immunity and Allergy

36. Blood Types; Transfusion; and Tissue and Organ Transplantation

37. Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

38. Pulmonary Ventilation

39. Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, and Pleural Fluid

40. Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane

41. Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids

42. Regulation of Respiration

43. Respiratory Insufficiency—Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy

44. Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology

45. Physiology of Deep--Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions

46. Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters

47. Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information

48. Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, Tactile and Position Senses

49. Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations

50. The Eye: I. Optics of Vision

51. The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina

52. The Eye: III. Central Neurophysiology of Vision

53. The Sense of Hearing

54. The Chemical Senses—Taste and Smell

55. Spinal Cord Motor Functions; the Cord Reflexes

56. Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function

57. Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Contributions to Overall Motor Control

58. Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory

59. The Limbic System and the Hypothalamus—Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brain

60. States of Brain Activity—Sleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia

61. The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla

62. Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism

63. General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function—Motility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

64. Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract

65. Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract

66. Digestion and Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract

67. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders

68. Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Formation of Adenosine Triphosphate

69. Lipid Metabolism

70. Protein Metabolism

71. The Liver

72. Dietary Balances; Regulation of Feeding; Obesity and Starvation; Vitamins and Minerals

73. Energetics and Metabolic Rate

74. Body Temperature Regulation and Fever

75. Introduction to Endocrinology

76. Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the Hypothalamus

77. Thyroid Metabolic Hormones

78. Adrenocortical Hormones

79. Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus

80. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, -Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, -Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth

81. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male (and Function of the Pineal Gland)

82. Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones

83. Pregnancy and Lactation

84. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology

85. Sports Physiology