Sleep-Wake Disorders

Which drug is listed as a near ideal hypnotic for treating idiopathic insomnia?

Which test can demonstrate spontaneous entry into REM sleep without a preceding non-REM phase in narcolepsy?

A child has repeated episodes of abrupt awakening beginning with a panicky scream, occurring between 30 and 200 minutes after falling asleep. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which category of primary sleep disorders includes periodic limb movements in sleep?

During polysomnography, which recording is used to measure eye movements?

Which sleep disorder is classified as a primary parasomnia?

What is the commonest cause of hypersomnia?

What is the commonest aetiology of sleepwalking?

A patient has periodic sleepiness accompanied by intense hunger and disturbances of movement. Which syndrome best fits this presentation?

What variable is repeatedly measured during the multiple sleep latency test?

Which measure is described as sufficient treatment in the majority of patients with sleep-induced respiratory impairment?

A patient develops sudden loss of muscle tone and falls during emotional arousal. What is this phenomenon called?

Which method is preferred in sleep research centres for studying sleep and its associated phenomena?

An EEG during sleep shows frequent 13–15 cycles per second spindle-shaped tracings and high-voltage K-complexes. Which sleep stage does this identify?

Which NREM sleep stage is the lightest stage of sleep?

Which sleep complaint becomes relatively more prevalent in older subjects?

How many NREM–REM cycles typically occur during each major sleep period?

A sleep recording shows low-voltage desynchronized EEG activity, synchronous rapid eye movements on EOG, and a flat atonic signal. Which sleep phase is represented?

What is the approximate duration of each normal NREM–REM sleep cycle?

Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with waking behaviour in the supplied description of sleep regulation?

What proportion of human sleep is occupied by REM sleep?

Which sleep stage typically occupies about 50% of total sleep time?

At any point in time, what proportion of the American population is reported to complain of persistent and excessive daytime sleepiness?

Which sleep disturbance is associated with endogenous depression?

What effect does pramipexole have on nocturnal myoclonus in the supplied management description?

Which procedure is specifically described as effectively alleviating loud snoring?

Which EEG finding is characteristically associated with leg twitches in periodic limb movements in sleep?

Which procedure is described as producing a favourable response in severe sleep apnoea?

Which statement describes the sleep-stage distribution of upper airways sleep apnoea?

What is the described relationship between body weight and upper airways sleep apnoea?

Which form of sleep-disordered breathing is typically identified in patients with persistent insomnia in the described prevalence data?

A patient with nocturnal myoclonus reports painful dysesthetic sensations deep in the calf muscles. Which activity commonly provides relief?

Which intervention is often sufficient for milder forms of sleep apnoea?

What benefit do benzodiazepines provide in nocturnal myoclonus?

Which demographic pattern is described for nocturnal myoclonus?

Which pair of presenting complaints is described for nocturnal myoclonus?

Which MAO inhibitor has been used in narcolepsy-cataplexy refractory to stimulants or tricyclic antidepressants?

Sleep walking typically occurs during which sleep stages?

A patient with narcolepsy develops sudden loss of muscle tone and falls during emotional arousal. What is this symptom called?

A young man has periodic episodes of sleepiness with intense hunger, irritability, aggression and disturbances of thinking and perception. Which diagnosis best fits these features?