Physical Methods

Which psychosurgical operation is indicated for severe intractable obsessional neurosis?

Why is unilateral ECT over the nondominant hemisphere preferred over bilateral ECT?

A patient being assessed for modified ECT has a family history of pseudocholinesterase deficiency. Which agent is contraindicated on this basis?

In depression, which treatment combination is associated with fewer relapses at follow-up?

What fasting duration is required before ECT?

A patient has resistant epilepsy with medial temporal sclerosis. Which operative category is indicated?

A patient is scheduled for unilateral ECT. Which assessment should routinely be performed to establish hemispheric dominance?

Which condition is classified as an absolute contraindication to ECT?

Which condition is identified as the best indication for ECT?

Which treatment approach provides maximum benefit in schizophrenia?

What anatomical feature of the brain characterizes the site on which psychosurgery is performed?

What is the usual nature of confusion following ECT?

What is the proposed cause of memory loss associated with ECT?

Which anaesthetic agent is the drug of choice for ECT anaesthesia?

Which condition is specifically listed as a contraindication to barbiturates used during ECT?

What is the main purpose of administering atropine during ECT?

How should the number of electroconvulsive therapy treatments be determined?

Which joint is the most common site of dislocation associated with electroconvulsive therapy?

Before giving a muscle relaxant for ECT, a blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic pressure around one arm. What is the purpose of this manoeuvre?

A patient has severe depression with suicidal risk and marked psychomotor retardation. Which treatment is specifically indicated for this presentation?

What is the most reliable method of determining whether a seizure has occurred during electroconvulsive therapy?

Which condition is described as an absolute contraindication to electroconvulsive therapy?

Which mechanism is stated to account for cardiac arrest among the causes of death associated with electroconvulsive therapy?

Which components appear necessary for electroconvulsive therapy to exert its full effect?

How many electroconvulsive therapy treatments do most patients need?

Which condition is listed as a general contraindication to psychosurgery?

For which disorder does the source state that there is no clear evidence or consensus regarding the efficacy of psychosurgery?

Which contemporary psychosurgical technique involves implantation of radioactive Yitrium—90 seeds?

What is the intended purpose of selectively removing or destroying brain nerve pathways in psychosurgery, as defined by WHO?

A patient is being considered for amygdalotomy. Which behavioural presentation is specifically associated with this procedure in the source?

For severe, intractable depression to meet the stated indication for psychosurgery, disabling symptoms should have persisted for at least how long?

For chronic anxiety, failure of which treatment is specifically added to the preceding criteria for considering psychosurgery?

Which psychosurgical procedure is preferred in obsessive-compulsive disorder?