The cytokine table connects interleukins, colony-stimulating factors, tumour necrosis factors, interferons and other mediators with their cellular sources and functions.
Interleukins involved in growth and differentiation
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IL-1 is produced by macrophages and other cell types. It promotes proliferation and differentiation of T, B and other cells, has pyrogenic activity, induces acute phase proteins and promotes bone marrow cell proliferation.
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IL-2 is produced by T cells. It promotes T- and B-cell growth and differentiation, T- and NK-cell cytotoxicity, and secretion of other lymphokines.
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IL-3 is produced by T cells and acts as multi-CSF.
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IL-4 promotes proliferation of B cells and cytotoxic T cells, increases IgG and IgE production, and enhances MHC Class II and IgE receptors.
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IL-5 promotes eosinophil proliferation and stimulates IgA and IgM production.
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IL-6 promotes B-cell differentiation, IgG production and acute phase proteins.
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IL-7 is produced by spleen and bone marrow stromal cells and acts as a B- and T-cell growth factor.
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IL-9 is produced by T cells and promotes T-cell growth and proliferation.
Interleukins involved in inflammation and regulation
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IL-8 is produced by macrophages and other cells and acts as a neutrophil chemotactic factor.
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IL-10 is produced by T cells, B cells and macrophages; it inhibits IFN production and mononuclear cell functions.
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IL-11 is produced by bone marrow stromal cells and induces acute phase proteins.
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IL-12 is produced by T cells and activates NK cells.
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IL-13 is produced by T cells and inhibits mononuclear cell functions.
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IL-17 is listed as a proinflammatory marker.
Colony-stimulating factors
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GM-CSF is produced by T cells, macrophages and fibroblasts; the table lists stimulation of T-cell and macrophage growth as its function.
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G-CSF is produced by fibroblasts and endothelium and stimulates granulocyte growth.
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M-CSF is produced by fibroblasts and endothelium and stimulates macrophage growth.
Tumour necrosis factors
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TNFa is produced by macrophages and monocytes. Its listed effects include tumour cytotoxicity, lipolysis, wasting, acute phase proteins, phagocytic cell activation, antiviral and antiparasitic effects, and endotoxic shock.
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TNFb is produced by T cells and induces other cytokines.
Interferons and other cytokines
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IFN-a is produced by leucocytes and promotes macrophage activation, monocyte and neutrophil function, and anti-tumour activity.
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IFN-b is produced by fibroblasts and has antiviral activity.
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IFN-g is produced by T cells and has antiviral activity, activates macrophages, and promotes MHC Class I and II expression on cells.
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TGF-b is produced by T and B cells. It inhibits T- and B-cell proliferation and hematopoiesis while promoting wound healing.
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LIF is produced by T cells and promotes stem cell proliferation and eosinophil chemotaxis.