Infectious disease

Which physical finding is more common in CMV infection than in infectious mononucleosis?

Which intracranial complication can result from mid-facial staphylococcal cellulitis?

How can Staphylococcus aureus cause severe systemic disease in the absence of bacterial tissue invasion?

An adult woman with rubella develops a relatively common joint manifestation. Which joint distribution is characteristic?

For how long after completing miltefosine treatment for visceral leishmaniasis should a female patient avoid pregnancy?

What is the role of ritonavir in the nirmatrelvir–ritonavir combination used for COVID-19?

Which cestode is listed both as an intestinal tapeworm and as a tissue-dwelling cyst or worm?

What is the only known reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis in major South Asian foci with anthroponotic transmission?

Which smear examination is described as the most efficient means of diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis, with 98% sensitivity?

In which region is lymphadenopathy rare in patients with visceral leishmaniasis?

Which organism serves as the intermediate host in the Schistosoma life cycle?

Which parasite is classified as a tissue-dwelling human nematode?

Which parasite is classified as an intestinal fluke?

Which investigation is at least 95% sensitive and accurately tracks recovery and relapse in HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis?

Which stage of Schistosoma penetrates human skin during exposure to contaminated fresh water?

A hospitalised patient with COVID-19 requires supplemental oxygen. Which dexamethasone regimen is stated to improve survival?

For prevention of thromboembolism in COVID-19, which anticoagulation strategy is recommended?

Which regimen is used as first-line therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in the Kala-azar Elimination Programme in India, Nepal and Bangladesh?

Which feeding behaviour is described for female sandflies transmitting leishmaniasis?

Where do schistosomes mature after passing through the lungs and being carried to the liver?

A patient remains k39 strip-test positive several months after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Why is this result unsuitable for establishing relapse?

During the human phase of the Leishmania life cycle, in which cells do parasites transform into amastigotes?

Which severe necrotising soft tissue infection is primarily confined to subcutaneous fascia and fat?

Which antifungal may be used as oral step-down therapy for mucormycosis?

In the illustrated case of disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with diffuse papular rash and fever, which procedure established the diagnosis?

Why is histopathological confirmation required in addition to culture when diagnosing mucormycosis?

How does the severity of seborrhoeic dermatitis change as the CD4 count falls in a patient with HIV?

A patient with HIV has seborrhoeic dermatitis presenting as scaly red patches in hairy areas. Which treatment combination is described as effective?

A patient develops neutropenia after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy for relapsed leukaemia, followed by fever and skin nodules. In the described case, which organism was cultured from both skin lesions and blood?

When do specific anti-HIV antibodies typically appear in serum relative to symptom development in primary HIV infection?

A patient has a glandular fever-like illness. Which additional finding strongly suggests primary HIV infection?

Which investigation is specified for early diagnosis of primary HIV infection?

Which antibiotic combination is specified for group A streptococcal necrotising soft tissue infection?

Which combination of organisms is associated with Meleney gangrene?

Which ocular appearance characterises trachoma?

What mechanism may cause constipation in typhoid fever?

Which NRTI can exacerbate the reduced bone mineral density seen in people with HIV?

Which manifestation of brucellosis almost always requires surgical intervention in addition to antimicrobial therapy?

Compared with typhoid fever, which pattern characterises paratyphoid fever?

Which biopsy may be necessary to confirm cryptosporidiosis or microsporidiosis?