Gastroenterology

A pancreatic pseudocyst is drained by EUS-guided cystogastrostomy. Which device is described for this procedure?

Which finding contraindicates wireless capsule endoscopy because of the risk of capsule retention?

What complication can barium sulphate precipitate proximal to an obstructive bowel lesion?

Which type of contrast medium is used for bowel opacification when perforation is suspected?

Which endoscopic technique is used to treat flat dysplasia in Barrett oesophagus?

Which procedure permits sphincterotomy and extraction of common bile duct stones?

Which histological pattern is described in ulcerative colitis?

A patient has colitis resembling ulcerative colitis. Which additional combination favours Crohn disease?

A patient with ulcerative colitis has rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, tenesmus and pellety stools from constipation upstream of the inflamed rectum. Which disease distribution best explains this presentation?

An older patient with renal failure requires bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Which preparation should be avoided because it can cause dehydration or hypotension?

Capsule endoscopy shows scalloping of the small bowel. Which diagnosis does this finding suggest?

Which route of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy allows patients to breathe normally, speak and swallow freely during the procedure?

Which is a therapeutic indication for double balloon enteroscopy?

From which intestinal site are bile salts actively transported into the portal circulation for return to the liver?

What is the minimum fasting duration specified before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?

Which co-factor assists pancreatic lipase in cleaving long-chain triglycerides?

Where are small intestinal epithelial cells formed before migrating towards the villous tips?

Which mechanism silences MLH1 and MGMT during progression from adenoma to carcinoma in the serrated neoplasia pathway?

Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis is particularly associated with which inflammatory bowel disease?

At what distance from the incisors is the gastroesophageal junction located?

A patient with colorectal carcinoma has early bleeding, mucus discharge and a feeling of incomplete emptying. Which site is most characteristic of this presentation?

A patient with H. pylori infection has hypergastrinaemia and greatly exaggerated acid production associated with duodenal ulceration. Which pattern of gastritis is associated with these findings?

Which presentation is characteristic of a right-sided colonic tumour?

Which centre controls the peristaltic activity involved in swallowing?

Which investigation records intra-oesophageal pressure during swallowing using sensors placed at 1 cm intervals?

How is the entry site closed at the end of per-oral endoscopic myotomy?

In severe acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, initial imaging fails to identify the bleeding source. Which investigation should follow?

Which medication class usually produces a good symptomatic response in autoimmune pancreatitis?

How does hypochlorhydria in H. pylori-associated gastric atrophy contribute to gastric cancer development?

A patient presents with profuse maroon diarrhoea and hypovolaemic shock. Which investigation should initially localise the source of severe acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, if available?

Which blood test abnormality may support a diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis?

By how much do NSAIDs increase the risk of complications of peptic ulcer disease?

Which muscle layer is dissected during per-oral endoscopic myotomy?

CT angiography identifies the source of severe acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. What is the next intervention?

A patient has jaundice and a palpable gallbladder. What underlying process does Courvoisier sign usually indicate?

In gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, severe atypical chest pain mimicking angina may result from which mechanism?

A patient has difficulty initiating swallowing, choking and nasal regurgitation. Which category of disorder best explains these symptoms?

Which pattern of salivary secretion is described in older people?

In pancreatic cancer, invasion of which structure causes the characteristic abdominal pain?

A patient develops bacterial parotitis after major surgery. Which pair of factors is identified as responsible for this complication?