Neurology and stroke medicine

Which component of motor nerve conduction testing can provide information about the condition of nerve roots?

In the described CT image of ischaemic stroke, which arterial segment contains the proximal hyperdense artery sign?

During repetitive nerve stimulation at 3–15 stimuli per second, a patient shows a decrement in compound muscle action potential amplitude. Which disorder is associated with this finding?

A patient has spinothalamic sensory loss in a ‘cape’ distribution. Which lesion is associated with this finding?

What limitation should be considered when using dermatomal maps to assess a spinal sensory level?

A patient has ipsilateral facial sensory loss and contralateral sensory loss over the body below the vertex. Where is the lesion?

Which inflammatory myopathy is also listed as a paraneoplastic cause of acquired proximal myopathy?

Which inflammatory myopathy is specifically described as having predominantly distal effects?

When should rehabilitation begin in a patient receiving acute stroke care?

In median motor nerve conduction testing, prolonged latency after stimulation at the wrist indicates dysfunction at which site?

A patient has an ipsilateral dorsal column and motor deficit with a contralateral spinothalamic deficit. Which lesion accounts for this pattern?

Where is the distal hyperdense artery sign located in the described non-contrast CT image of ischaemic stroke?

Which electrolyte abnormality is linked to liquorice, diuretic and purgative abuse among the causes of acquired proximal myopathy?

A patient with a cerebellar infarct and mass effect develops obstructive hydrocephalus. Which intervention is described as potentially beneficial?

An acute stroke patient's CT shows no evidence of early infarction. Which corresponding imaging technique is described as demonstrating early infarction in the left MCA territory?

Which glial cells have foot processes adjoining small blood vessels and contributing to the blood–brain barrier?

Which pathological change is an important substrate of disability in the later, progressive phase of multiple sclerosis?

Which component of neurological assessment provides the basis for most diagnoses made by experienced clinicians?

A patient being investigated for a cerebral infection has raised intracranial pressure. Which investigation should precede any lumbar puncture?

A patient has loss of pain and temperature sensation in an ‘onion skin’ distribution. Which neural structure is implicated?

A patient with multiple sclerosis has a gadolinium-enhancing lesion on T1-weighted brain MRI. What pathological process does this enhancement suggest?

Which nervous system cells derive from monocytes/macrophages and help fight infection and remove damaged cells?

Which cells produce the myelin investing peripheral nerve axons?

Which antigen is typically targeted by antibodies associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis typical of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder extends over at least how many vertebral segments?

Which diffusion-weighted MRI appearance favours a cerebral abscess over a tumour?

What mechanism accounts for the majority of paraneoplastic neurological disorders described in patients without cerebral metastases?

Which molecular target is bound by natalizumab to inhibit lymphocyte entry across the blood–brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?

What is the intended effect of the Epley manoeuvre in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A patient has a disabling relapse of multiple sclerosis that does not respond to steroids. Which treatment is reserved for this situation?

What is the underlying mechanism of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

Which condition is classified as an inflammatory or immune-mediated cause of acquired ataxia?

Which neural structure is compressed by the posterior fossa acoustic neuroma described in the MRI caption?

What must be demonstrated for siponimod or ocrelizumab to be used to prevent disability in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis as described in the source?

During which phase of multiple sclerosis are disease-modifying immunotherapies most efficacious?

A patient experiences false recognition, described as déjà vu, immediately before a generalised tonic–clonic seizure. Which cortical region does this suggest as the site of seizure onset?

Which seizure trigger is specifically restricted to generalised epilepsy syndromes in the source?

Under which category of acquired ataxia is superficial siderosis listed?

In genetic generalised epilepsies, where do the abnormal electrical discharges originate before spreading simultaneously to all areas of the cortex?

A patient with brief vertigo when rolling over in bed undergoes the Hallpike manoeuvre. Which nystagmus pattern supports benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?