Neurology and stroke medicine

Which antiarrhythmic drug is listed as a toxic cause of acquired ataxia?

A patient develops vertical gaze palsy, convergence disorders and convergence retraction nystagmus. Which brainstem region is implicated?

Ocular disease has been excluded in a patient with ocular pain. Inflammatory or infiltrative lesions at the orbital apex or cavernous sinus usually involve which group of cranial nerves?

After flowing over the surface of the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid is eventually reabsorbed into which system?

A patient with Bell palsy develops hyperacusis. Involvement of which nerve branch explains this symptom?

A patient with spinal cord compression has dermatomal sensory impairment and corresponding lower motor signs at the level of compression. Which additional structure is involved?

A patient has an ipsilateral third nerve palsy, contralateral upper motor neuron facial palsy and contralateral hemiplegia. Where is the lesion?

What is the usual time course of symptom onset in spinal cord compression?

Which manifestations usually occur early in spinal cord compression?

Which temporal lobe function is particularly associated with Wernicke’s area?

A patient has an ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, ipsilateral lower motor neuron facial palsy and contralateral hemiplegia. Where is the lesion?

Which change in pupils commonly makes fundoscopy more difficult in old age?

Which structure is responsible for homeostasis, including temperature and appetite control?

Which examination finding characterises the facial weakness in Bell palsy?

A patient with unilateral facial weakness has vesicles in the ear and on the palate. Which infection does this finding suggest?

Which oral drug is listed for managing spasticity and contractures after stroke?

A patient with cerebral venous thrombosis also has venous haemorrhage. Which anticoagulation approach is described as beneficial?

Which is classified as a predisposing systemic cause of cerebral venous thrombosis?

A patient has a dilated tonic pupil, light–near dissociation and generalised areflexia. Which syndrome best fits these findings?

In a patient who survives the acute stages of cerebral infarction, which process begins healing by clearing dying tissue?

A patient has a small pupil, ipsilateral anhidrosis and partial ptosis. Which neural supply is affected?

How does increasing delay to alteplase treatment affect estimated recovery from stroke compared with control treatment?

A patient has symmetrical pupils, but the swinging torch test reveals dilatation in the abnormal eye. Damage to which structure accounts for this finding?

Which is listed as a fixed risk factor for stroke?

Broca aphasia is associated with pathology in which region?

A patient has fluent speech, good comprehension and poor repetition. Which aphasia best fits this pattern?

Which investigation demonstrates a filling defect in the affected vessel in cerebral venous thrombosis?

A patient can read but cannot write. Which category of language disorder encompasses this selective impairment?

A patient reports unpleasant leg sensations relieved by movement, poor sleep and daytime somnolence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

During seizure first aid, which pattern of recurrent convulsions requires urgent medical attention?

Which condition underlies seizures in 30%–50% of patients over 50 years of age?

A person's convulsions have just ceased. Which position is recommended during seizure first aid?

At 20-year follow-up, what proportion of patients with epilepsy are seizure-free without drugs for the preceding 5 years?

A patient experiences sudden loss of muscle tone when laughing. Which narcolepsy symptom does this represent?

Which investigation pair is listed specifically to determine whether recurrent attacks are truly epileptic?

A patient taking an antipsychotic develops daytime motor restlessness. Which condition should be distinguished from restless legs syndrome in this setting?

A 6-year-old child has frequent brief absence seizures. Which EEG finding is characteristic of childhood absence epilepsy?

Which DaT SPECT uptake pattern is described in Parkinson disease?

Which bacterium is specifically linked to skull fracture in the listed causes of meningitis?

Which form of epilepsy can present as delirium in an older patient?