Neurology and stroke medicine

An 18-year-old develops generalised tonic–clonic seizures, absences and morning myoclonus. Which epilepsy syndrome best matches this presentation?

An outbreak of meningitis follows drought and dust storms in the sub-Saharan African meningitis belt. Which organism is associated with this pattern?

Which virus is specifically associated with Mollaret meningitis?

Which adverse effect of carbamazepine increases significantly with age and is particularly important in patients taking diuretics or with heart failure?

A patient has neurofibromatosis with schwannomas, little skin involvement, and manifestations largely restricted to the eyes and nervous system. Which gene and chromosome association fits this phenotype?

A patient develops abrupt spinal cord dysfunction with lower motor neuron signs at the lesion, upper motor neuron signs below it, and spinothalamic sensory loss with preserved dorsal column sensation. Which diagnosis best fits?

Which is one of the three main syndromes of botulism?

Which statement correctly describes malignant change in neurofibromatosis-associated tumours?

Which sensory symptom is the stated exception to the absence of sensory deficits in botulism?

On which chromosome is the gene responsible for neurofibromatosis type 1 located?

What anatomical displacement defines a tonsillar cone?

MRI in a patient with hydrocephalus shows dilated lateral ventricles and a narrowed aqueduct. Which cause of hydrocephalus is illustrated by these findings?

Which investigations are key to distinguishing demyelinating from axonal neuropathies and identifying entrapment neuropathies?

In a patient with raised intracranial pressure, which treatment is specifically directed at reducing vasogenic oedema?

A patient has raised intracranial pressure caused by hydrocephalus. Which intervention is specifically listed to relieve this cause?

An adult develops slowly progressive upper motor neuron features affecting the legs more than the arms, with little sensory loss. Several family members have a similar condition with autosomal dominant inheritance. Which diagnosis best fits?

Where are the sensory cell bodies of peripheral nerves situated?

Which cardiovascular pattern is included in the CDC clinical features of botulism?

A patient requires assessment of spinal instability during flexion and extension. Which investigation is described as useful for this dynamic assessment?

Which retinal fibres cross at the optic chiasm, and which visual field do they subserve?

What is the predominant effect of brainstem inputs on spinal motor reflex control?

Which type of spinal connection controls the more complex reflex actions of limb flexion and extension?

Through which lobe do the lower fibres from the lateral geniculate nucleus pass on their way to the primary visual cortex?

Where is contrast injected during myelography?

Which receptors detect muscle lengthening and provide the afferent input for the stretch reflex?

Which spinal investigation provides information about vertebrae and intervertebral discs as well as their effects on the spinal cord and nerve roots?

Which cells form the lower motor neurons receiving synapses from pyramidal tract upper motor neurons?

At which spinal level do the sympathetic fibres supplying the dilator pupillae emerge?

Where does the pyramidal tract decussate before entering the lateral columns of the spinal cord?

Where do parasympathetic fibres travelling with the 3rd cranial nerve synapse before supplying the constrictor pupillae?

Which tract carries projections from the 6th cranial nerve nucleus to the contralateral 3rd nerve nucleus during conjugate horizontal gaze?

Which eye movement allows fusion of images at different distances?

Delirium describes dysfunction at which neurological level?

Magnetic stimulation measures central conduction times by inducing action potentials at which sites?

Distal loss of sensation and/or weakness most likely localises neurological disease to which site?

Abrupt, brief, irregular, purposeless involuntary movements affecting different body areas suggest disease in which structure?

Which cause of chorea is classified as autoimmune?

When catatonia has a neurological cause, what is its most common origin?

A patient undergoes nerve conduction studies that demonstrate significant slowing of conduction velocity. Which underlying process does this finding suggest?

In nerve conduction studies, what does a recorded potential smaller than expected indicate?