Pathology chapter

PATHOLOGY

Inflammation and Repair

200 practice questions · 74 study notes

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Questions

QUESTION 81

What structural feature determines the division of chemokines into four groups?

QUESTION 82

Which complement fragments act as opsonins when fixed to a microbial wall?

QUESTION 83

Which cytokine produced by dendritic cells and macrophages increases IFN-g production in chronic inflammation?

QUESTION 84

Which event triggers the classical pathway of complement activation?

QUESTION 85

Generation of biologically active IL-1 depends on activation of which structure?

QUESTION 86

Selective COX-2 inhibitors may increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk through impaired endothelial production of which mediator?

QUESTION 87

How does aspirin inhibit prostaglandin synthesis?

QUESTION 88

Proteolytic cleavage of which complement component is the critical step in complement activation?

QUESTION 89

An individual has an inherited deficiency of the terminal complement components. Disseminated infection with which organism is specifically associated with this deficiency?

QUESTION 90

How do the cytokines listed under acute inflammation contribute to chronic inflammatory reactions?

QUESTION 91

Binding to which molecules enables chemokines to be displayed at high concentrations on endothelial surfaces and in the extracellular matrix?

QUESTION 92

Which cells constitutively produce homeostatic chemokines that help maintain tissue architecture?

QUESTION 93

Which drug inhibits leukotriene production and is useful in treating asthma?

QUESTION 94

Microbial lipopolysaccharide triggers complement activation in the absence of antibody. Which pathway is involved?

QUESTION 95

Histologic examination shows a pink meshwork of fibrin exudate overlying the pericardial surface. What is the diagnosis?

QUESTION 96

Which mediator activates protease-activated receptors expressed on platelets and leukocytes?

QUESTION 97

Inherited deficiency of which complement regulatory protein causes hereditary angioedema?

QUESTION 98

Which histologic finding characterizes the margins of an ulcer during its acute stage?

QUESTION 99

What term denotes accumulation of fluid in a mesothelium-lined body cavity?

QUESTION 100

Which complement regulatory protein directly inhibits formation of the membrane attack complex?

QUESTION 101

What is a stated consequence of inherited deficiencies of complement proteins?

QUESTION 102

A patient develops a skin blister after a burn. Which morphologic pattern of inflammation does the accumulated blister fluid represent?

QUESTION 103

Which vascular effects does platelet-activating factor produce at low concentrations?

QUESTION 104

Which combination constitutes the morphologic hallmarks of acute inflammation?

QUESTION 105

During complete resolution of acute inflammation, which route is mainly responsible for resorption of edema fluid?

QUESTION 106

Following acute inflammation, abundant fibrin exudate in the pleural cavity cannot be fully cleared. Which outcome is expected?

QUESTION 107

Mutations in which complement regulatory protein are associated with both hemolytic uremic syndrome and wet macular degeneration?

QUESTION 108

Which process produces the surface defect characteristic of an ulcer?

QUESTION 109

An acute inflammatory response fails to resolve because the injurious agent persists. Which outcome does this favor?

QUESTION 110

Which complication is often increased in diseases of excessive complement activity, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

QUESTION 111

Which enzyme cleaves high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce bradykinin?

QUESTION 112

What sustains the chronic immune reaction responsible for tissue damage in autoimmune diseases?

QUESTION 113

Which pair of processes accomplishes replacement of damaged tissue with connective tissue during healing in chronic inflammation?

QUESTION 114

A tissue sample contains macrophages that promote angiogenesis, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate collagen synthesis. Which macrophage phenotype best accounts for these effects?

QUESTION 115

Why do macrophages often become the dominant cell population within 48 hours of the onset of an inflammatory reaction?

QUESTION 116

How are long-lived tissue-resident macrophages such as microglia and Kupffer cells mainly replenished?

QUESTION 117

Which macrophage activity establishes a feedback loop essential for cell-mediated defense against many microbes?

QUESTION 118

Which cells dominate most chronic inflammatory reactions?

QUESTION 119

Which cell population may dominate chronic inflammation in autoimmune and other hypersensitivity diseases?

QUESTION 120

Which combination of effector changes enhances the ability of classically activated macrophages to kill ingested organisms?