Study notes

Class II anti-arrhythmic drugs: β-blockers and sotalol

Class III drugs: amiodarone and dronedarone

Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs

Atropine, adenosine and manifestations of digoxin toxicity

Digoxin: cardiac effects, elimination and monitoring

Electrical cardioversion, defibrillation and dual-chamber pacing

Temporary pacing: technique, indications and complications

Permanent pacemakers: components, leads and programming

Pacemaker selection, pacing modes and rate response

Indications for implantable cardiac defibrillators and complications of permanent pacing

Implantable cardiac defibrillators: functions, construction and prevention roles

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy and left bundle branch area pacing

Leadless pacemakers and non-transvenous defibrillators

Catheter ablation: technique, indications and arrhythmia-specific outcomes

Coronary artery disease: disease burden and associated vascular presentations

Coronary artery disease: atherosclerotic pathogenesis

Formation and stabilisation of an atherosclerotic plaque

Coronary disease manifestations and plaque destabilisation

Plaque vulnerability, arterial remodelling and age-related risk

Familial, metabolic and lifestyle risk factors for coronary disease

Type VI complicated atherosclerotic lesion

Lifestyle, social factors and interpretation of cardiovascular risk

Population-based prevention of coronary disease

Primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease

Targeted cardiovascular prevention and secondary prevention

Angina pectoris: underlying mechanism

Causes of angina and coronary artery spasm

Myocardial oxygen balance and angina with normal coronary angiography

Clinical assessment and severity grading of stable angina

Symptom-based and NICE classification of angina

CCS angina grading and clinical assessment of stable angina

Exercise ECG in suspected angina: interpretation and limitations

Positive exercise ECG with severe coronary artery disease

Stable angina: risk assessment and coronary imaging

Management principles and preventative treatment in angina

Anti-anginal treatment strategy and nitrate therapy

Beta-blockers and practical advice in stable angina

Nitrate action times, calcium channel antagonists and nicorandil

Calcium antagonist profiles, ivabradine and ranolazine

Percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary stents