Study notes

Major antihypertensive drug classes: effects and precautions

Additional antihypertensives and cardiovascular risk reduction

Choosing antihypertensives, combining drugs and assessing resistance

Accelerated or malignant hypertension

Comorbidities that influence antihypertensive selection

Controlled blood pressure reduction in accelerated phase hypertension

Heart valve disease: flow abnormalities and presentation

Acute rheumatic fever: age distribution and disease burden

Immune pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever

Acute rheumatic fever: presentation and diagnostic criteria

Antihypertensive combinations and causes of valve failure

Jones criteria and clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever

Sydenham chorea and investigations in acute rheumatic fever

Investigating acute rheumatic fever

Management of acute rheumatic fever and prevention of recurrence

Glucocorticoids in rheumatic fever

Chronic rheumatic heart disease: occurrence and valve involvement

Pathogenesis of chronic rheumatic valve damage

Causes of mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis: pathogenesis and clinical consequences

Mitral stenosis: symptoms and auscultatory findings

Mitral stenosis: investigations and associated valve findings

Investigations for mitral stenosis

Medical treatment and intervention for mitral stenosis

Mitral regurgitation causes and mitral balloon valvuloplasty

Mitral regurgitation: mechanisms and mitral valve prolapse

Mitral regurgitation: heart sounds, imaging and additional causes

Clinical presentation of chronic mitral regurgitation

Symptoms and signs of mitral regurgitation

Physical findings in mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis

Investigations in mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation: medical treatment, valve intervention and investigations

Device therapy and transcatheter repair for mitral regurgitation

Medical therapy for mitral regurgitation and age-related causes of aortic stenosis

Causes and age patterns of aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis: pathogenesis and progression

Aortic stenosis: symptoms, mechanisms and examination findings

Aortic stenosis: examination findings and clinical course

Aortic stenosis: echocardiography, ECG and CT assessment

Investigations in aortic stenosis