Study notes

Severe limb ischaemia: nocturnal pain, tissue loss and diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Acute limb ischaemia: recognition and urgent management

Clinical signs and limitations in acute limb ischaemia

Peripheral embolism versus thrombosis, atheroembolism and subclavian steal

Investigating peripheral arterial disease

Medical management of peripheral arterial disease

Clinical examination in chronic lower limb ischaemia

Medical therapy for peripheral arterial disease

Escalating treatment for peripheral arterial disease

Atherosclerotic vascular disease in older people

Buerger disease: distal vascular involvement and smoking

Raynaud syndrome: usual course and symptom management

Aortic aneurysm: definition, distribution and frequency

Aortic aneurysm: causes and predisposition

Aortic aneurysm: clinical features by location

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: ultrasound and CT

Aortic aneurysm: indications for repair and treatment

Aortic dissection: mechanism and consequences

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: common presentations

Pathogenesis of aortic dissection

Aortic dissection: anatomical types and risk factors

Aortic dissection: pain, examination and branch occlusion

Investigations for aortic dissection

Management of acute aortic dissection

Causes and associations of aortitis

Marfan syndrome: inheritance and connective tissue defect

Clinical manifestations of Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome: diagnosis and aortic surveillance

Management of aortic dilatation risk in Marfan syndrome

Coarctation of the aorta: location and causes

Hypertension: diagnostic threshold and cardiovascular risk

Hypertension: contributing factors and vascular changes

Blood-pressure categories and causes of secondary hypertension

Clinical features and fundal findings in hypertension

Hypertension investigations, accurate measurement and retinopathy

Blood pressure measurement and routine hypertension investigations

Specialised investigations and history in hypertension

Cardiovascular benefits of antihypertensive therapy

Hypertension: treatment thresholds and continuing care

Hypertension treatment targets, older patients and lifestyle measures