Study notes

THE STUDY LIBRARY

Study notes

1,135 notes across the medical subjects. Open any topic to start learning.

Hearing reconstruction and conservative treatment in cholesteatoma

Tubercular otitis media: sources and routes of infection

Tubercular otitis media: pathological progression

Clinical features of tubercular otitis media

Tubercular otitis media: diagnostic overlap with suppurative disease

Tubercular otitis media: investigations supporting diagnosis

Treatment of tuberculous otitis media

Syphilitic otitis media: spread, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

Symptoms, body habitus and tissue perfusion assessment

Visible findings in cardiovascular disease

Arterial pulse: character and rhythm

Jugular venous pulse: examination and interpretation

Palpation of the precordium and abnormal apex beats

Cardiac auscultation: technique, timing and murmur localisation

Why heart disease may be recognised late

Cardiac chamber anatomy and the chest X-ray silhouette

Coronary artery anatomy, supply territories and dominance

Normal right ventricular pressures and cardiac blood flow

Coronary arterial supply, occlusion and cardiac drainage

Cardiac conduction pathway and timing

Autonomic control of the heart

Myocardial structure and calcium-dependent contraction

Cardiac natriuretic peptides and neprilysin

Cardiac circulation, valve movements and the Windkessel effect

Sequence of sarcomere contraction

Systemic vascular resistance and coronary vessel tone

Endothelial regulation of vascular tone, inflammation and thrombosis

Respiratory changes in circulation and pulsus paradoxus

Settings for cardiovascular investigations

Physiological basis of ECG waves and intervals

Systematic interpretation of a 12-lead ECG

The 12-lead ECG: electrodes, limb leads and cardiac axis

ECG deflections, frontal cardiac axis and chest leads

Ventricular activation and the chest-lead QRS complex

Exercise ECG: technique, interpretation and contraindications

Ambulatory ECG monitoring and exercise-test risk findings

BNP and NT-proBNP in left ventricular dysfunction

Cardiac troponins: myocardial injury and interpretation

Chest X-ray assessment of heart size and chamber enlargement

Chest X-ray: calcification and pulmonary vascular findings

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